free server network monitoring tools

1. Monit

2. Ganglia

3. Munin

4. Cacti

5. Nagios

 

6. Zabbix

7. Observium

8. Zenoss

9. Collectd

10. Argus

 

Step : instal server windows 2008

If you just buying a new computer and the new windows server service pack CD, you can follow this step
Check the computer you have with Windows Server 2008  hardware requirements, before you doing instalation:

Windows Server 2008 homepage.

Component	Requirement
Processor	Minimum: 1GHz (x86 processor) or 1.4GHz (x64 processor) • Recommended: 2GHz or faster Note: An Intel Itanium 2 processor is required for Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems
Memory	Minimum: 512MB RAM • Recommended: 2GB RAM or greater • Maximum (32-bit systems): 4GB (Standard) or 64GB (Enterprise and Datacenter) • Maximum (64-bit systems): 32GB (Standard) or 2TB (Enterprise, Datacenter and Itanium-based Systems)
Available Disk Space	Minimum: 10GB • Recommended: 40GB or greater Note: Computers with more than 16GB of RAM will require more disk space for paging, hibernation, and dump files
Drive	DVD-ROM drive
Display and Peripherals	Super VGA (800 x 600) or higher-resolution monitor • Keyboard • Microsoft Mouse or compatible  device

Follow this procedure to install Windows Server 2008:

1. Insert the  Windows Server 2008 installation media into your DVD drive.
 If you don't have an installation DVD for Windows Server 2008, you can download one for free from
  Microsoft's Windows 2008 Server Trial website.Or may be in this Technet

2. Reboot the computer.

3. When prompted for an installation language and other regional options, make your selection and press Next.

4. Next, press Install Now to begin the installation process

.

5. Product activation . Enter your Product ID in the next window, and if you want to automatically activate Windows the moment the installation finishes, click NextIf you do not have the Product ID available right now, 
you can leave the box empty, and click Next. 
You will need to provide the Product ID later, after the server installation is over. Press No.

6. Because you did not provide the correct ID, the installation process cannot determine what kind of Windows Server 2008 license you own, and you will be prompted to select your correct version in the next screen, assuming you are telling the truth and will provide the correct ID to prove your selection later on.

7. If you did provide the right Product ID, select the Full version of the right Windows version you're prompted, and click Next.

8. Read and accept the license terms by clicking to select the checkbox and then  Next.

9."Which type of installation do you want?" 
 click the only available option – Custom (Advanced).

10. "Where do you want to install Windows?", 

• if you're installing the server on a regular IDE hard disk, select the first disk, usually Disk 0, and  then click Next.
• If you're installing on a hard disk that's connected to a SCSI controller, click Load Driver and insert the media provided by the controller's manufacturer.

11. The installation now begins, 

and you can go and have lunch or another activity, because  extracting and uncompressing the files complete in 20 minutes. Windows Server 2008 takes up approximately 10 GB of hard drive space.

The installation process will reboot your computer.
so, make sure you remove it before going to lunch or doing another activity, 
(you can bypass this by configuring the server to boot from a CD/DVD and then from the hard disk in the booting order on the server's BIOS)

12. Then the server reboots you'll be prompted with the new Windows Server 2008 type of login screen. Press CTRL+ALT+DEL to log in.

 Click on Other User

default Administrator is blank, 

 just type Administrator and press Enter.

13. You will be prompted to change the user's password. click Ok.

14. In the password changing dialog box, leave the default password blank and enter a new.

15. Someone thought it would be cool to nag you once more, so now you'll be prompted to accept the fact that the password had been changed. Press Ok.

16. Finally, the desktop appears and that's it, you're logged on and can begin working.  initial server configuration,  you will be able to start working.

Upgrade notes:

If you are currently running:	You can upgrade to:
Windows Server 2003 SE ,R2, SP1,SP 2	Full Installation of Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition Full Installation of Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition
Windows Server 2003 Enterprise R2, SP1,SP2	Full Installation of Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition
Windows Server 2003 Datacenter Edition R2,SP1 or SP 2)	Full Installation of Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition

Page 11 : windows product in timelines

There are many application that microsoft has been update and release, what kind of them, in this article is about all the windows, the latest windows until the newest windows, you can click the image for the more information of the Microsoft windows

1985 November	Windows 1.01
1986 May	Windows 1.02
1986 August	Windows 1.03
1987 April	Windows 1.04
1987 December 9	Windows 2.03
1988 May 27	Windows 2.10
1989 March 13	Windows 2.11
1990 May 22	Windows 3.0 (Version number: 3.00.73)
1992 August	Windows 3.1 (Version number: 3.10.040)
1992 October	Windows for Workgroups 3.1
1993 August	Windows NT 3.1 (Version number: NT 3.10.528)
1993 August 11	Windows for Workgroups 3.11
1993 October	Windows 3.2 This Version of Windows was only released in simplified Chinese.
1994 September	Windows NT 3.5 (Version number: NT 3.50.807)
1995 June	Windows NT 3.51 (Version number: NT 3.51.1057)
1995 December 31	Windows 95 SP1 (Version number: 4.00.951 (also listed as 4.00.950A)
1995 August 24	Microsoft Plus! for Windows 95 (Version number: 4.40.310)
1995 August 24	Windows 95 (Version number: 4.00.950)
1996 February 14	Windows 95 OSR1 (Version number: 4.00.951 (also listed as 4.00.950A)
1996 August 24	1996 August 24 - Windows 95 OSR2 (Version number: 4.00.1111 (also listed as 4.00.950B))
1996 July 29	Windows NT 4.0 - the last version which ran on RISC architectures like DEC Alpha, MIPS and PowerPC. Later versions concentrated on x86-based hardware and - mainly as server OSs - the IA-64 line of CPUs. (Version number: NT 4.0.1381
1996 November	Windows CE 1.0
1997 August 27	Windows 95 OSR 2.1 (Version number: 4.03.1214 (also listed as 4.00.950B))
1997 August 27	Windows 95 USB Supplement to OSR2 (Version number: 4.03.1212 (also listed as 4.00.950B))
1997 Nov	Windows CE 2.0
1997 Nov 26	Windows 95 OSR2.5 (Version number: 4.03.1216 (also listed as 4.00.950C))
1998 June 25	Windows 98 (Version number: 4.10.1998 (Security Version 4.10.1998A))
1998 July	Windows CE 2.1
1998 October	Windows CE 2.11
1999 May 5	Windows 98 Second Edition (Version number: 4.10.2222 or 4.10.2222A (Security Version 4.10.2222C))
1999 August	Windows CE 2.12
2000 February 17	Windows 2000 (Version number: NT 5.0.2195)
	Windows 2000 Professional
	Windows 2000 Server
	Windows 2000 Advanced Server
	Windows 2000 Datacenter Server
2000 June 19	Windows Me (Version number: 4.90.3000 (Security Version 4.90.3000A))
2000 July	Windows CE 3.0, with version for smart phones and PDAs sold as Pocket PC 2000
2001 October 25	Windows XP for desktops and laptops (notebooks)
	Windows XP Starter Edition, for new computer users in developing countries
	Windows XP Home Edition, for home desktops and laptops
	Windows XP Home Edition N, as above, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, as mandated by an EU ruling
	Windows XP Professional, for business and power users (Version number: NT 5.1.2600)
	Windows XP Professional N, as above, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, as mandated by an EU ruling
	Windows XP Professional x64 Edition, for PCs with x86-64 processors (based on Windows Server 2003)
	Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, for notebooks with a touch screen or a pen-sensitive screen
	Windows XP Media Center Edition for desktops and notebooks with an emphasis on audio, video, and PVR capability. There are four versions:
	Windows XP Media Center Edition
	Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003
	Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004
	Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005
2001 October 25	Windows XP 64-bit Edition - A version of Windows XP roughly analogous to Windows XP Professional for Intel's IA-64 (Itanium) line of CPUs. It was discontinued in early 2005 after manufacturers stopped shipping Itanium systems marketed as 'workstations'.
2001 November	Windows XP embedded,XPe
	Small Business Server for first server installations (up to 2 processors)
	Web Edition for basic Web serving (up to 2 processors)
	Standard Edition for smaller server applications that don't require clustering (up to 4 processors)
	Enterprise Edition for larger server applications, and clustering (up to 8 processors)
	Datacenter Edition for mainframe like servers (up to 128 processors)
	Storage Server for Network Attached Storage Devices (5.2.3790)
2002 November	Windows XP Tablet PC Edition, for tablet PCs
2004	Windows CE 4.2, with version for smart phones and PDAs sold as Windows Mobile 2003 SE
2005	Windows CE 5.0, with version for smart phones and PDAs sold as Windows Mobile 5.0
2006	Windows CE 6.0
2006 July	Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs is not marketed as a full-fledged general purpose operating system, although it is functionally able to perform most of the tasks generally associated with one. It includes only certain functionality for local workloads such as security, management, document viewing related tasks and the .NET Framework. It is designed to work as a client–server solution with RDP clients or other third party clients such as Citrix ICA
2006 September	Windows Vista Starter 32-bit (x86) and 64-bit (x64) processor architectures. this edition was limited to emerging markets such as Colombia, India, Thailand, and Indonesia, mainly to offer a legal alternative to using unauthorized copies. It was not be available in the United States, Canada, Europe, or Australia.
	Windows Vista Home Basic Similar to Windows XP Home Edition, Home Basic was intended for budget users not requiring advanced media support for home use. Windows aero not available
	Windows Vista Home Premium Like Windows XP Media Center Edition, this edition did support more advanced multimedia and entertainment authoring, premium games, mobile and tablet PC support, Network Projector, Windows Aero, Touch Screen, and auxiliary display (via Windows Side Show) support.
	Windows Vista Business This edition was aimed at the business market. It includes advanced network and security features, whilst excluding entertainment features.
	Windows Vista Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT 6.0.6000.0) This edition was aimed at the enterprise segment of the market, and is a superset of the Business edition. Additional features include multilingual user interface support, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and UNIX application support. This edition was not be available through retail or OEM channels
	Windows Vista Ultimate This edition combines all the features of the Home Premium and Enterprise editions, a game performance tweaker (WinSAT), and "Ultimate Extras".
2006 November	Windows Embedded CE 6.0, for embedded systems (not based on the Windows NT kernel)
2008	Windows Mobile 6.1, based on Windows CE 5.2.19202  Windows Mobile 6 for smartphones and PDA
	Windows Mobile 6 Standard for smartphones
	Windows Mobile 6 Classic for PDA without GSM
	Windows Mobile 6 for PDA with GSM
2008 February	Windows Server 2008 abbreviated as "Win2K8"[2] or "W2K8".for servers.
2008 July	Windows Home Server Announced at the 2007 Consumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas. Windows Home Server is intended to be a solution for homes with multiple connected PCs to offer file sharing, automated backups, and remote access.
2008 October	Windows 7, for home and business desktops and portable computers
2008 October	Windows XP Embedded(XP),services pack3
2009 June July	Windows 7 Starter A variant for developing countries and netbooks,  64-bit compatibility. This edition is to be available pre-installed on computers through system integrators or computer manufacturers.
	Windows 7 Home Basic is available in Brazil, People's Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Pakistan, Philippines, and Thailand. It will not be available in countries such as Australia, Canada, France, Germany, The Netherlands, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, New Zealand, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
	Windows 7 Home Premium , home market segment ,such as Windows Media Center, Windows Aero and touch-screen controls.
	Windows 7 Professional for small business users. It includes all the features of Windows 7 Home Premium, and adds the ability to participate in a Windows Server domain. Additional features include operating as a Remote Desktop server, location aware printing, Encrypting File System, Presentation Mode and Windows XP Mode.
	Windows 7 Enterprise (Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7600) for the enterprise segment of the market and is sold through volume licensing to companies which have Software Assurance contract with Microsoft.
	Aditional : Multilingual User Interface (MUI) packages,BitLocker Drive Encryption, and UNIX application-support. Not available through retail or OEM channels, this edition is distributed through Microsoft Software Assurance (SA). As a result it includes several SA-only benefits, including a license allowing the running of multiple virtual machines, and activation via VLK.
	Windows 7 Ultimate Windows 7 Ultimate contains the same features as Windows 7 Enterprise, but unlike that edition it will be available to home users on an individual license basis. Windows 7 Home Premium and Windows 7 Professional users are able to upgrade to Windows 7 Ultimate for a fee using Windows Anytime Upgrade if they wish to do so. Unlike Windows Vista Ultimate, the Windows 7 Ultimate edition will not include the Windows Ultimate Extras feature or any exclusive features. (6.1.7600) Observe the existence of versions that is locked out from activation in some countries.
	Windows 7 Service Pack 1 (Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601.17514)
2009 october	Windows Server 2008 R2 for servers.
	Windows Web Server 2008 R2
	Windows Storage Server 2008 R2
	Windows Server 2008 R2 Standard Edition
	Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise Edition
	Windows Server 2008 R2 Datacenter Edition
	Windows Server 2008 R2 for Itanium-based Systems
	Windows HPC Server 2008 R2 for high Performance supercomputers
	Windows Server 2008 R2 Foundation
	Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Microsoft Windows NT 6.1.7601.17514)
2010 February	Windows Phone 7 for smartphones
2011 January	Windows 8, for use on personal computers, including home and business desktops, laptops, netbooks, tablet PCs, servers, and media center PCs.
2011September	Windows To Go, windows mode/version to run from a USB flash drive and USB external Hard Drive.
2012 may	discontinued -Windows Mobile 6.5 for smartphones
	Cancelled versions
1985 April	Windows 1.0 Beta was scrapped, but later became the framework of the first version of Windows.
1996 February 29	Cairo (a "true object-oriented OS") planned after Windows NT 4.0 and had the same primary and secondary version numbers.
1996 May 2	Windows Nashville (Windows 96)
1999 Dec 27	Windows Neptune, the first planned version of Microsoft Windows NT to have a consumer edition variant, based on the Windows 2000 codebase. A version was sent out to testers but was never released.[4]
2000 Jan 13	Windows Odyssey, a version intended to be an update to the Microsoft Windows NT 5.x codebase. The teams working on Neptune and Odyssey combined to work o
	Future versions
	Windows 8, currently being developed as the successor to Windows 7, and scheduled for release in 2012 or later.[2][3]

 another page from wikipedia

• Versions
• Comparison
• Components
• History
• Timeline
• Criticism

 Pkease don't hesitate if you see a mistake in our article, but we are welcome to you correct us....